How to Use JavaScript for Responsive Web Design

Responsive web design is essential in today’s digital landscape. With the diverse range of devices people use to browse the internet, ensuring that your website adapts seamlessly to various screen sizes is crucial. JavaScript plays a significant role in enhancing the responsiveness of a website, making it dynamic and user-friendly. In this article, we will explore how to effectively use JavaScript for responsive web design. We’ll cover practical techniques and actionable tips to help you create a website that provides a great user experience on any device.

Understanding the Basics of Responsive Web Design

Responsive web design ensures that a website adjusts smoothly to different screen sizes and resolutions. The goal is to provide an optimal viewing experience, whether the user is on a desktop, tablet, or smartphone.

While CSS media queries handle a lot of the heavy lifting, JavaScript can be used to further enhance responsiveness by allowing for more dynamic adjustments.

The Role of JavaScript in Responsive Design

JavaScript adds interactivity and flexibility to web pages, enabling developers to create responsive layouts that adapt in real-time.

Unlike CSS, which mainly deals with the presentation layer, JavaScript can interact with the Document Object Model (DOM) to make changes based on user behavior and device characteristics. This makes it possible to implement more complex responsive features that go beyond what CSS can achieve alone.

Enhancing Navigation with JavaScript

Navigation is a critical aspect of web design, and it needs to be responsive to provide a good user experience. JavaScript can be used to create dynamic navigation menus that adapt to different screen sizes.

Creating a Mobile-Friendly Menu

One common technique is to use JavaScript to convert a standard navigation menu into a hamburger menu on smaller screens. This helps save space and keeps the interface clean and easy to use.

First, you need to create the HTML structure for your menu:

<nav>
  <div class="menu-toggle">☰</div>
  <ul class="nav-links">
    <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

Next, use CSS to style the menu and hide the navigation links by default on smaller screens:

.nav-links {
  display: none;
}

.menu-toggle {
  display: block;
  cursor: pointer;
}

@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .nav-links {
    display: flex;
  }

  .menu-toggle {
    display: none;
  }
}

Finally, use JavaScript to toggle the visibility of the navigation links when the hamburger icon is clicked:

const menuToggle = document.querySelector('.menu-toggle');
const navLinks = document.querySelector('.nav-links');

menuToggle.addEventListener('click', () => {
  navLinks.classList.toggle('nav-links-visible');
});

Add some CSS to handle the visibility change:

.nav-links-visible {
  display: block;
}

With this setup, the menu will be hidden on small screens and displayed as a hamburger icon. Clicking the icon will show or hide the navigation links, creating a more responsive and user-friendly navigation experience.

Adjusting Layouts Dynamically

JavaScript can also be used to dynamically adjust the layout of a website based on the screen size. This can be particularly useful for elements that need to change position or size depending on the device.

Reordering Content

Sometimes, you may need to reorder content on your webpage for a better mobile experience. For instance, you might want a sidebar to appear below the main content on smaller screens. JavaScript can help you achieve this by manipulating the DOM.

Consider the following HTML structure:

<div class="main-content">Main Content</div>
<div class="sidebar">Sidebar</div>

Using JavaScript, you can move the sidebar below the main content on smaller screens:

const mainContent = document.querySelector('.main-content');
const sidebar = document.querySelector('.sidebar');

function reorderContent() {
  if (window.innerWidth < 600) {
    mainContent.parentNode.insertBefore(sidebar, mainContent.nextSibling);
  } else {
    mainContent.parentNode.insertBefore(sidebar, mainContent);
  }
}

window.addEventListener('resize', reorderContent);
window.addEventListener('load', reorderContent);

This script checks the window width and reorders the content accordingly whenever the window is resized or loaded. This ensures that the layout is always optimal for the screen size.

Resizing Elements

Another common requirement in responsive design is resizing elements to fit the screen. For example, you might want to resize images or videos dynamically. JavaScript can be used to set the size of these elements based on the window size.

Consider an image that needs to be resized:

<img src="image.jpg" alt="Responsive Image" class="responsive-image">

Use JavaScript to resize the image:

const responsiveImage = document.querySelector('.responsive-image');

function resizeImage() {
  if (window.innerWidth < 600) {
    responsiveImage.style.width = '100%';
  } else {
    responsiveImage.style.width = '50%';
  }
}

window.addEventListener('resize', resizeImage);
window.addEventListener('load', resizeImage);

This script resizes the image based on the window width, ensuring it looks good on all devices.

Using JavaScript for Responsive Images

Images play a crucial role in web design, but they can also be a challenge when it comes to responsiveness. Different devices may require different image sizes and resolutions to provide an optimal experience. JavaScript can be used to dynamically load and display images based on the screen size.

Loading Different Images for Different Screen Sizes

To load different images for different screen sizes, you can use JavaScript to detect the screen size and then load the appropriate image. Here’s how you can do it:

First, set up your HTML with a placeholder for the image:

<img src="" alt="Responsive Image" class="responsive-image">

Next, use JavaScript to load the correct image based on the screen size:

const responsiveImage = document.querySelector('.responsive-image');

function loadImage() {
  if (window.innerWidth < 600) {
    responsiveImage.src = 'small-image.jpg';
  } else if (window.innerWidth < 1200) {
    responsiveImage.src = 'medium-image.jpg';
  } else {
    responsiveImage.src = 'large-image.jpg';
  }
}

window.addEventListener('resize', loadImage);
window.addEventListener('load', loadImage);

This script loads different images depending on the screen size, ensuring that the image displayed is appropriate for the device being used.

Optimizing Image Loading with Lazy Loading

Lazy loading is a technique where images are only loaded when they are about to be displayed on the screen. This can significantly improve the performance of your website, especially on mobile devices. You can implement lazy loading with JavaScript as follows:

First, set up your HTML with a placeholder and data attributes for the image source:

<img data-src="large-image.jpg" alt="Responsive Image" class="lazy-image">

Next, use JavaScript to load the image when it comes into the viewport:

const lazyImages = document.querySelectorAll('.lazy-image');

function lazyLoad() {
  lazyImages.forEach(image => {
    if (image.getBoundingClientRect().top < window.innerHeight) {
      image.src = image.dataset.src;
    }
  });
}

window.addEventListener('scroll', lazyLoad);
window.addEventListener('resize', lazyLoad);
window.addEventListener('load', lazyLoad);

This script checks the position of each lazy-loaded image and sets the src attribute when the image is about to enter the viewport. This way, images are only loaded when they are needed, improving the performance and responsiveness of your site.

Making Forms Responsive

Forms are an essential part of many websites, and ensuring they are responsive is crucial for providing a good user experience. JavaScript can be used to enhance the responsiveness of forms, making them more user-friendly on different devices.

Dynamic Form Validation

Form validation is important for ensuring that users submit the correct information. Using JavaScript, you can create dynamic form validation that adapts to the user’s input and screen size.

First, set up your HTML form:

<form id="contact-form">
  <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name" required>
  <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" required>
  <textarea name="message" placeholder="Message" required></textarea>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

Next, use JavaScript to validate the form dynamically:

const form = document.getElementById('contact-form');

form.addEventListener('submit', function(event) {
  event.preventDefault();

  const name = form.elements['name'].value;
  const email = form.elements['email'].value;
  const message = form.elements['message'].value;

  if (!name || !email || !message) {
    alert('All fields are required.');
    return;
  }

  if (!validateEmail(email)) {
    alert('Please enter a valid email address.');
    return;
  }

  alert('Form submitted successfully!');
});

function validateEmail(email) {
  const re = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
  return re.test(String(email).toLowerCase());
}

This script prevents form submission if any fields are empty or if the email address is invalid, providing immediate feedback to the user.

Adapting Form Layouts

To make forms more responsive, you can use JavaScript to adjust the layout based on the screen size. For example, you might want to display form fields in a single column on small screens and multiple columns on larger screens.

First, set up your HTML form with appropriate classes:

<form id="responsive-form">
  <div class="form-group">
    <input type="text" name="first-name" placeholder="First Name">
    <input type="text" name="last-name" placeholder="Last Name">
  </div>
  <div class="form-group">
    <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email">
    <input type="tel" name="phone" placeholder="Phone">
  </div>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

Use CSS to define the default layout:

.form-group {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .form-group {
    flex-direction: row;
  }

  .form-group input {
    flex: 1;
    margin-right: 10px;
  }

  .form-group input:last-child {
    margin-right: 0;
  }
}

Finally, use JavaScript to enhance the layout dynamically:

const formGroups = document.querySelectorAll('.form-group');

function adjustFormLayout() {
  if (window.innerWidth < 600) {
    formGroups.forEach(group => {
      group.style.flexDirection = 'column';
    });
  } else {
    formGroups.forEach(group => {
      group.style.flexDirection = 'row';
    });
  }
}

window.addEventListener('resize', adjustFormLayout);
window.addEventListener('load', adjustFormLayout);

This script adjusts the form layout based on the window width, ensuring that the form is user-friendly on all devices.

Creating Responsive Interactive Elements

Interactive elements, such as sliders, modals, and accordions, add dynamic functionality to a website. Making these elements responsive ensures they work well on all devices and provide a good user experience.

Responsive Sliders

Sliders are a popular way to display images or content interactively. Using JavaScript, you can create a responsive slider that adjusts to different screen sizes.

First, set up your HTML for the slider:

<div class="slider">
  <div class="slides">
    <div class="slide">Slide 1</div>
    <div class="slide">Slide 2</div>
    <div class="slide">Slide 3</div>
  </div>
</div>

Use CSS to style the slider and make it responsive:

.slider {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
}

.slides {
  display: flex;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease-in-out;
}

.slide {
  min-width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

Next, use JavaScript to add functionality to the slider:

const slides = document.querySelector('.slides');
let currentIndex = 0;

function showSlide(index) {
  const totalSlides = slides.children.length;
  if (index >= totalSlides) {
    currentIndex = 0;
  } else if (index < 0) {
    currentIndex = totalSlides - 1;
  } else {
    currentIndex = index;
  }
  const offset = -currentIndex * 100;
  slides.style.transform = `translateX(${offset}%)`;
}

window.addEventListener('resize', () => showSlide(currentIndex));
window.addEventListener('load', () => showSlide(currentIndex));

This script creates a responsive slider that adjusts the position of slides based on the screen width.

Responsive Modals

Modals are often used to display important information or forms without navigating away from the current page. Ensuring that modals are responsive is essential for a good user experience, especially on mobile devices.

Creating a Responsive Modal

To create a responsive modal, start with the basic HTML structure:

<div id="myModal" class="modal">
  <div class="modal-content">
    <span class="close">&times;</span>
    <p>This is a responsive modal.</p>
  </div>
</div>

Use CSS to style the modal and make it responsive:

.modal {
  display: none; 
  position: fixed; 
  z-index: 1; 
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%; 
  height: 100%; 
  overflow: auto;
  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.4); 
}

.modal-content {
  position: relative;
  background-color: white;
  margin: 10% auto;
  padding: 20px;
  border: 1px solid #888;
  width: 80%;
  max-width: 600px; 
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.close {
  position: absolute;
  right: 10px;
  top: 10px;
  font-size: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

Finally, use JavaScript to add functionality to the modal:

const modal = document.getElementById('myModal');
const closeModal = document.querySelector('.close');

function openModal() {
  modal.style.display = 'block';
}

function closeModalFunction() {
  modal.style.display = 'none';
}

closeModal.addEventListener('click', closeModalFunction);

window.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
  if (event.target == modal) {
    closeModalFunction();
  }
});

This script ensures that the modal can be opened and closed, and that it behaves well on different screen sizes. The modal’s width adjusts based on the screen size, ensuring it remains user-friendly on mobile devices.

Responsive Accordions

Accordions are a great way to present information in a compact, user-friendly format. They allow users to expand and collapse sections of content, making it easier to navigate and find information. Making accordions responsive ensures they work well on all devices.

Creating a Responsive Accordion

First, set up your HTML for the accordion:

<div class="accordion">
  <div class="accordion-item">
    <button class="accordion-header">Section 1</button>
    <div class="accordion-content">
      <p>This is the content for section 1.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="accordion-item">
    <button class="accordion-header">Section 2</button>
    <div class="accordion-content">
      <p>This is the content for section 2.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Use CSS to style the accordion and make it responsive:

.accordion-item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}

.accordion-header {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 15px;
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 16px;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  width: 100%;
}

.accordion-content {
  padding: 15px;
  display: none;
  background-color: white;
  overflow: hidden;
}

Next, use JavaScript to add functionality to the accordion:

const accordionHeaders = document.querySelectorAll('.accordion-header');

accordionHeaders.forEach(header => {
  header.addEventListener('click', () => {
    const content = header.nextElementSibling;
    const isOpen = content.style.display === 'block';
    content.style.display = isOpen ? 'none' : 'block';
  });
});

This script toggles the visibility of the accordion content when the header is clicked, ensuring a smooth and responsive user experience on all devices.

Enhancing User Experience with JavaScript

In addition to making structural changes, JavaScript can be used to enhance the overall user experience by providing real-time feedback and interactions.

Real-Time Form Validation

Real-time form validation helps users correct errors as they fill out forms, improving the user experience and increasing the likelihood of successful form submissions.

First, set up your HTML form:

<form id="signup-form">
  <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Username" required>
  <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" required>
  <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required>
  <button type="submit">Sign Up</button>
</form>
<div id="form-messages"></div>

Use CSS to style the form and error messages:

input:invalid {
  border-color: red;
}

input:valid {
  border-color: green;
}

#form-messages {
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: red;
}

Next, use JavaScript to validate the form in real-time:

const form = document.getElementById('signup-form');
const formMessages = document.getElementById('form-messages');

form.addEventListener('input', function(event) {
  const field = event.target;
  if (field.checkValidity()) {
    field.style.borderColor = 'green';
    formMessages.textContent = '';
  } else {
    field.style.borderColor = 'red';
    formMessages.textContent = `${field.placeholder} is not valid.`;
  }
});

form.addEventListener('submit', function(event) {
  event.preventDefault();
  const allValid = form.checkValidity();
  if (allValid) {
    formMessages.style.color = 'green';
    formMessages.textContent = 'Form submitted successfully!';
  } else {
    formMessages.style.color = 'red';
    formMessages.textContent = 'Please fix the errors before submitting.';
  }
});

This script provides immediate feedback to users as they fill out the form, highlighting valid and invalid fields in real-time and displaying error messages as needed.

Dynamic Content Loading

Loading content dynamically can significantly enhance the user experience, especially on long pages or single-page applications. This technique ensures that only the necessary content is loaded initially, with additional content being loaded as needed.

First, set up your HTML with a placeholder for the content:

<div id="content"></div>
<button id="load-more">Load More</button>

Use CSS to style the content and button:

#content {
  margin: 20px;
}

#load-more {
  display: block;
  margin: 20px auto;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

Next, use JavaScript to load content dynamically:

const content = document.getElementById('content');
const loadMoreButton = document.getElementById('load-more');

let page = 1;

function loadContent() {
  fetch(`https://api.example.com/data?page=${page}`)
    .then(response => response.json())
    .then(data => {
      data.items.forEach(item => {
        const div = document.createElement('div');
        div.textContent = item.name;
        content.appendChild(div);
      });
      page++;
    })
    .catch(error => console.error('Error loading content:', error));
}

loadMoreButton.addEventListener('click', loadContent);

window.addEventListener('load', loadContent);

This script loads additional content when the “Load More” button is clicked, providing a more interactive and engaging experience for users.

Creating Responsive Animations

Animations can make your website more engaging and interactive. However, ensuring these animations are responsive and work well on all devices is crucial for maintaining performance and user experience. JavaScript can help create responsive animations that adjust based on the device’s capabilities.

Responsive CSS Animations

CSS animations can be controlled and adapted using JavaScript to ensure they perform well on different devices. For example, you can adjust the duration or disable complex animations on smaller screens.

First, set up your HTML with elements to animate:

<div class="animated-box"></div>

Use CSS to define the animations:

.animated-box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: blue;
  animation: move 5s infinite;
}

@keyframes move {
  0% { transform: translateX(0); }
  100% { transform: translateX(100vw); }
}

Next, use JavaScript to adjust the animation based on screen size:

const animatedBox = document.querySelector('.animated-box');

function adjustAnimation() {
  if (window.innerWidth < 600) {
    animatedBox.style.animationDuration = '10s';
  } else {
    animatedBox.style.animationDuration = '5s';
  }
}

window.addEventListener('resize', adjustAnimation);
window.addEventListener('load', adjustAnimation);

This script changes the animation duration based on the screen size, ensuring that it runs smoothly on both small and large screens.

Optimizing Video Content

Videos are an engaging form of content, but they can be challenging to make responsive due to their size and bandwidth requirements. JavaScript can be used to ensure videos are responsive and load efficiently on different devices.

Responsive Video Embeds

To make videos responsive, you can use a wrapper element and JavaScript to adjust the size based on the screen.

First, set up your HTML with a video embed inside a wrapper:

<div class="video-wrapper">
  <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div>

Use CSS to style the wrapper and make the video responsive:

.video-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  padding-bottom: 56.25%; /* 16:9 aspect ratio */
  height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.video-wrapper iframe {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

JavaScript can be used to further optimize the video loading:

const videoIframe = document.querySelector('.video-wrapper iframe');

function optimizeVideoLoading() {
  if (window.innerWidth < 600) {
    videoIframe.src += '?autoplay=0&controls=0';
  } else {
    videoIframe.src += '?autoplay=1&controls=1';
  }
}

window.addEventListener('resize', optimizeVideoLoading);
window.addEventListener('load', optimizeVideoLoading);

This script modifies the video embed URL parameters based on the screen size, ensuring optimal loading and playback for different devices.

Managing Responsive Data Tables

Data tables are often used to display large amounts of information. Making these tables responsive can be tricky, but JavaScript provides tools to manage this effectively.

Collapsible Data Tables

One approach is to make data tables collapsible on smaller screens, displaying only essential columns and allowing users to expand rows for more details.

First, set up your HTML table:

<table class="responsive-table">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Name</th>
      <th>Age</th>
      <th>Location</th>
      <th>Occupation</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>John Doe</td>
      <td>30</td>
      <td>New York</td>
      <td>Developer</td>
    </tr>
    <!-- More rows -->
  </tbody>
</table>

Use CSS to style the table and make it responsive:

.responsive-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
}

.responsive-table th, .responsive-table td {
  padding: 10px;
  text-align: left;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .responsive-table thead {
    display: none;
  }

  .responsive-table tr {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .responsive-table td {
    display: block;
    text-align: right;
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 50%;
  }

  .responsive-table td::before {
    content: attr(data-label);
    position: absolute;
    left: 10px;
    text-align: left;
    font-weight: bold;
  }
}

Next, use JavaScript to add data labels to each cell for the responsive view:

const table = document.querySelector('.responsive-table');
const headers = table.querySelectorAll('th');

table.querySelectorAll('tbody tr').forEach(row => {
  row.querySelectorAll('td').forEach((cell, i) => {
    cell.setAttribute('data-label', headers[i].innerText);
  });
});

This script ensures that each cell in the table displays its corresponding header as a label when viewed on smaller screens, making the table more readable and user-friendly.

Using JavaScript Frameworks for Responsive Design

JavaScript frameworks like React, Vue, and Angular provide powerful tools for building responsive web applications. These frameworks offer built-in functionalities that simplify the process of creating responsive layouts and components.

React for Responsive Design

React is a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It offers tools like the React Responsive library, which makes it easier to handle responsiveness.

First, install the React Responsive library:

npm install react-responsive

Next, create a responsive component using the library:

import React from 'react';
import { useMediaQuery } from 'react-responsive';

const ResponsiveComponent = () => {
  const isDesktopOrLaptop = useMediaQuery({ query: '(min-width: 1224px)' });
  const isTabletOrMobile = useMediaQuery({ query: '(max-width: 1224px)' });

  return (
    <div>
      {isDesktopOrLaptop && <p>You are on a desktop or laptop.</p>}
      {isTabletOrMobile && <p>You are on a tablet or mobile phone.</p>}
    </div>
  );
};

export default ResponsiveComponent;

This component uses media queries to conditionally render content based on the screen size, making it easy to create responsive layouts in a React application.

Vue for Responsive Design

Vue is another popular JavaScript framework that simplifies the process of building responsive web applications. You can use Vue’s built-in directives and components to handle responsiveness.

First, install Vue:

npm install vue

Create a responsive component using Vue:

<template>
  <div>
    <p v-if="isDesktopOrLaptop">You are on a desktop or laptop.</p>
    <p v-if="isTabletOrMobile">You are on a tablet or mobile phone.</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';

export default {
  setup() {
    const isDesktopOrLaptop = ref(window.innerWidth >= 1224);
    const isTabletOrMobile = ref(window.innerWidth < 1224);

    const handleResize = () => {
      isDesktopOrLaptop.value = window.innerWidth >= 1224;
      isTabletOrMobile.value = window.innerWidth < 1224;
    };

    onMounted(() => {
      window.addEventListener('resize', handleResize);
    });

    return { isDesktopOrLaptop, isTabletOrMobile };
  }
};
</script>

This Vue component uses reactive properties to update the layout based on the screen size, ensuring a responsive design.

Angular for Responsive Design

Angular is a robust framework for building large-scale web applications. Angular’s built-in tools and third-party libraries make it easier to create responsive designs.

First, install Angular:

ng new my-app
cd my-app

Create a responsive component using Angular:

import { Component, HostListener } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-responsive',
  template: `
    <div>
      <p *ngIf="isDesktopOrLaptop">You are on a desktop or laptop.</p>
      <p *ngIf="isTabletOrMobile">You are on a tablet or mobile phone.</p>
    </div>
  `
})
export class ResponsiveComponent {
  isDesktopOrLaptop = window.innerWidth >= 1224;
  isTabletOrMobile = window.innerWidth < 1224;

  @HostListener('window:resize', ['$event'])
  onResize(event) {
    this.isDesktopOrLaptop = event.target.innerWidth >= 1224;
    this.isTabletOrMobile = event.target.innerWidth < 1224;
  }
}

This Angular component uses HostListener to detect window resize events and update the layout accordingly, ensuring a responsive design.

Conclusion

Using JavaScript for responsive web design allows you to create dynamic, user-friendly websites that work well on all devices. From enhancing navigation and adjusting layouts to optimizing images and videos, JavaScript offers powerful tools to make your site responsive. By implementing the techniques and examples provided in this article, you can build a website that not only looks great but also functions seamlessly across

various screen sizes. This ensures that your users have a positive experience, whether they are browsing on a desktop, tablet, or smartphone, ultimately leading to higher engagement and better conversion rates.

Incorporate these best practices into your web design workflow to create a responsive site that meets the needs of your audience and supports your overall digital marketing goals. Whether you’re a small business owner, a marketer, or a web developer, understanding how to use JavaScript for responsive web design is key to thriving in the ever-changing digital world.

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